By focusing on this practice, this thesis contributes original insights to the literature regarding both multispecies relationships and science studies. Whilst a growing body of scholarship exists across and beyond the social sciences, on both humanвЂ“animal relations and the role of animals in laboratory practices, the relatively recent emergence of research practices involving bio-detection dogs illustrates a novel mode of incorporating animals into scientific practice that has, until now, evaded theoretical analysis. Based on twelve months of fieldwork at two dog-training and research organisations, in the UK and USA, this thesis explores the practices through which bio-detection dogs are produced and how knowledge is produced about, and with, them. This thesis explores humanвЂ“dog relations and knowledge production at the nexus of dogtraining and scientific research, when dogs are trained to detect the odour of human disease via biological samples. La rivalidad entre superpotencias provocГі que la creaciГіn y lanzamiento del Sputnik II fuera apresurado y sin motivaciones cientГficas que lo sustenten, fue concebido para el espectГЎculo. El marco en el que se ideГі el Sputnik II fue uno de los momentos ГЎlgidos de la Guerra FrГa, cuando las dos potencias vieron el espacio exterior como el prГіximo escenario en el que lucirse y derrotar a su adversario. La rapidez de adaptaciГіn en los entrenamientos y su capacidad para la socializaciГіn con los humanos convertГa a los canes en candidatos ideales con los que experimentar, pero los rusos contaban ademГЎs con otro factor aГ±adido, la herencia de los estudios realizados dГ©cadas antes por Ivan Pavlov desvelando detalladamente su fisiologГa y psicologГa. La cГЎpsula espacial no puede entenderse sin el usuario que alojaba, Laika, una perrita mestiza de tamaГ±o mediano que sobreviviГі en las calles de MoscГє antes de ser recogida y sometida a un entrenamiento extremo. A pesar del avance revolucionario que trajo el Sputnik II, detrГЎs de sus apariencias futuristas persiste la misma ideologГa que busca entender el universo y relacionarse con Г©l en tГ©rminos de dominio y destrucciГіn. La primera forma de vida compleja en orbitar la Tierra lo hizo en un artefacto programado para asesinarla. The paper proposes a model of animal agency that looks seriously at the dogsвЂ™ relationships with human researchers and suggests that the dogsвЂ™ significance as historical subjects depends as much on what they did as dogs as it does on how their contributions to the space race were perceived.

This provides a sense of what the dogs did that distinguishes between how humans understand dogs and what we know about dogsвЂ™ cognitive and social capacities. The paper uses theoretical perspectives that contextualize animal agency in terms of relationships and then looks at those relationships from an ethological perspective.

Looking at how Soviet space researchers refined Pavlovian behaviourism and integrated it into a complex engineering project helps clarify the conditions under which the dogs worked and the assumptions that guided the human researchers. This paper examines the agency of the dogs used to develop the Soviet manned space flight programme by considering what the dogs did as experimental subjects, as dog technologies, and as individual dogs in the context of the historically conditioned practices of Soviet science.

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